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The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden is the second oldest zoo in the United States and is located in Cincinnati, Ohio. It opened in 1875, just 14 months after the Philadelphia Zoo on July 1, 1874. The Reptile House is the oldest zoo building in the United States, dating from 1875. The Cincinnati Zoo is located in the Avondale neighborhood of Cincinnati . It was founded on in the middle of the city, and since then it has acquired some of the surrounding blocks and several reserves in Cincinnati's outer suburbs. The zoo conducts breeding programs, and was the first to successfully breed California sea lions. The zoo also has other breeding programs including South African cheetahs, Sumatran rhinoceros, Indochinese tigers, Malayan tigers, western lowland gorillas, pottos, and Masai giraffes. The Cincinnati Zoo was the home of Martha, the last living passenger pigeon, which died there in 1914. It was also home to the last living Carolina parakeet in 1918. The zoo is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), and a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). ==History== In 1872, Andrew Erkenbrecher and several other residents created the ''Society for the Acclimatization of Birds'' in Cincinnati to acquire insect-eating birds to control a severe outbreak of caterpillars. A collection of approximately 1,000 birds imported from Europe in 1872 was housed in Burnet Woods before being released. The 'Acclimatization Society of Cincinnati' was established in 1873 as similar organizations with imperial aims proliferated in Moscow, Berlin, London, and Melbourne in the late nineteenth century.〔David Livingtsone, ''Human Acclimatization: Perspectives on a Contested Field of Inquiry in Science, Medicine and Geography,'' ''History of Science, 25:4 (December, 1987), 364''〕 The Zoological Society of Cincinnati established a zoo, consisting of just over sixty-five acres in the cow pasture known as Blakely Woods. The land was purchased by Andrew Erkenbrecher and leased to the Zoological Society for 99 years. This site was acquired in 1874 and the zoo officially opened its doors to the public on September 18, 1875, making the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden the second oldest intentionally constructed zoo in the United States.〔 The zoo opened with 769 animals on display. Admission was 25 cents for adults and 15 cents for children.〔 Founded by Jonathan Schoonover of Cincinnati and designed by the landscape engineer Theodor Fundeisen, The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden was originally named the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens. Architect James W. McLaughlin, who constructed the zoo's first buildings, designed the earliest ''completed'' zoological exhibits in the United States.〔 〕 The zoo's original animal collection consisted of eight monkeys, two grizzly bears, three white-tailed deer, six raccoons, two elk, a buffalo, a laughing hyena, a tiger, an American alligator, a circus elephant, and over four hundred birds, including a crow. The zoo also is home to some common peafowls. The first guide book about the Cincinnati Zoo was written in 1876 in German. The founders of the zoo, including its first general manager, were German immigrants and the city had quite a large German-speaking population. The first English-language edition (illustrated) was published in 1893.〔 〕 In 1878, the first sea lion was born in captivity, and the first pair of giraffes were acquired by the zoo (Daisy and Abe).〔 In its first 20 years, the zoo experienced many financial difficulties, and despite selling to pay off debt in 1886,〔 it went into receivership in 1898. The Cincinnati Zoological Company was able to bring the zoo out of receivership and keep it going. The Cincinnati Traction Company purchased it in 1901 and operated the zoo for 16 years. In 1917, the Cincinnati Zoological Park Association, funded by donations from philanthropists Mary Emery and Anna Sinton Taft, took over management of the zoo. In 1932 the city purchased the zoo and now runs it through the Board of Park Commissioners. In 1931, Robert J. Sullivan permanently loaned the zoo a female gorilla named Susie.〔Joy W. Kraft, ''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden'', (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 72.〕 Captured in the Belgian Congo, Susie was first sold to a group of French explorers who sent her to France.〔 In August 1929, Susie was transported from Europe to the United States aboard the Graf Zeppelin accompanied by William Dressman.〔 After Susie completed a tour through the United States and Canada with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus,〔“Susie, Cincy Zoo’s Gorilla, Near Death,” ''The Billboard'' 59, no. 43 (November 1, 1947): 57.〕 Sullivan purchased Susie for $4500.00〔“Cincy Zoo’s Susie Dies; Local Paper Plans Replacement,” ''The Billboard'' 59, no. 44 (November 8, 1947): 53.〕 and loaned her to the zoo.〔Joy W. Kraft,''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden,'' (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 72-74.〕 Dressman, who stayed on as Susie’s trainer after she was loaned to the zoo, taught her how eat with a knife and fork and orchestrated two performances every day.〔Ohio Writers' Program, ''Cincinnati; A Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors,'' (Cincinnati: Wiesen-Hart Press, 1943), 350.〕 Susie was so popular that on her birthday on August 7, 1936, more than 16,000 visitors flocked to the zoo.〔”8,000 at Cincinnati Attend Party for Susie, the Gorilla,” ''The Milwaukee Journal'' (Milwaukee Journal, WI), August 3, 1936: 8.〕 Susie remained one of the most popular animals at the zoo until her death on October 29, 1947.〔Joy W. Kraft,''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden,'' (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 72-75.〕 Her body was donated to the University of Cincinnati,〔 where her skeleton remained on display until it was destroyed in a fire in 1974.〔Joy W. Kraft,''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden,'' (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 76.〕 In 1951, the original Monkey House was converted into the Reptile House.〔 In addition to its live animal exhibits, the zoo houses refreshments stands, a dance hall, roads, walkways, and picnic grounds. Between 1920 and 1972, the Cincinnati Summer Opera performed in an open-air pavilion and were broadcast by NBC radio. In 1987, parts of the zoo were designated as a National Historic Landmark, the Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures, due to their significant architecture featured in the Elephant House, the Reptile House, and the Passenger Pigeon Memorial. The zoo's Reptile House is the oldest existing zoo building in the country, dating from 1875.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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